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Big Geodata Reveals Spatial Patterns of Built Environment Stocks Across and Within Cities in China

Zhou Huang,Yi Bao,Ruichang Mao,Han Wang,Ganmin Yin,Lin Wan,Houji Qi,Qiaoxuan Li,Hongzhao Tang,Qiance Liu,Linna Li,Bailang Yu,Qinghua Guo,Yu Liu,Huadong Guo,Gang Liu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.015

摘要： The patterns of material accumulation in buildings and infrastructure accompanied by rapid urbanization offer an important, yet hitherto largely missing stock perspective for facilitating urban system engineering and informing urban resources, waste, and climate strategies. However, our existing knowledge on the patterns of built environment stocks across and particularly within cities is limited, largely owing to the lack of sufficient high spatial resolution data. This study leveraged multi-source big geodata, machine learning, and bottom-up stock accounting to characterize the built environment stocks of 50 cities in China at 500 m fine-grained levels. The per capita built environment stock of many cities (240 tonnes per capita on average) is close to that in western cities, despite considerable disparities across cities owing to their varying socioeconomic, geomorphology, and urban form characteristics. This is mainly owing to the construction boom and the building and infrastructure-driven economy of China in the past decades. China’s urban expansion tends to be more “vertical” (with high-rise buildings) than “horizontal” (with expanded road networks). It trades skylines for space, and reflects a concentration–dispersion–concentration pathway for spatialized built environment stocks development within cities in China. These results shed light on future urbanization in developing cities, inform spatial planning, and support circular and low-carbon transitions in cities.

关键词： urban system engineering built environment stock spatial pattern urban sustainability big geodata

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秦巴山脉区域协同发展研究

周庆华,牛俊蜻,申研

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第1期页码 18-24 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.003

摘要：

本文通过探讨秦巴山脉的协同目标和空间模式，为秦巴山脉核心腹地的生态保护和外围城市地区的绿色发展，提供区域、空间及战略协同路径的支撑参考。文章采用归纳演绎法，通过借鉴国内外相关地区的发展经验，以及自身特殊价值、发展基础、战略使命等方面的论证分析，进行区域协同发展路径和协同空间模式的探讨。提出将秦巴山脉区域建设成为国家生态保护与特色创新发展示范区，并上升为国家战略的区域协同目标建议；同时，提出基于绿心模型和网络城市群的空间协同组织模式。秦巴山脉的绿色发展不可就秦巴论秦巴，应协同周边城市地区，构建体现秦巴山脉生态特色和信息时代特征的空间协同模式，并争取成为国家层面的国土空间战略，最终取得生态保护与绿色发展的双赢。

关键词：秦巴山脉区域绿色发展区域协同空间模式

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3S技术在区域生态功能区划中的应用——以河南省濮阳市为案例

卞有生,蔡博峰,赵楠

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第12期页码 54-60

摘要：

生态功能区划是区域社会经济协调发展的基础性工作，3S技术则是保证区划科学与准确的重要技术手段。以河南省濮阳市为例，介绍了3S技术在区域生态功能区划中的应用及其优势与特点，即数据的准确性、现势性和科学性得到进一步提高，而且空间分析功能充分实现了不同权重生态因子的叠加，同时在区划过程中充分考虑生态格局对生态功能的影响，因而区划结果更具科学性和现实意义。

关键词：生态功能区划 3S 空间分析生态格局

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Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 518-531 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0611-x

摘要： This article presents the soil spatial variability effect on the performance of a reinforced earth wall. The serviceability limit state is considered in the analysis. Both cases of isotropic and anisotropic non-normal random fields are implemented for the soil properties. The Karhunen-Loève expansion method is used for the discretization of the random field. Numerical finite difference models are considered as deterministic models. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to obtain the deformation response variability of the reinforced soil retaining wall. The influences of the spatial variability response of the geotechnical system in terms of horizontal facing displacement is presented and discussed. The results obtained show that the spatial variability has an important influence on the facing horizontal displacement as well as on the failure probability.

关键词： reinforced earth wall geosynthetic random field spatial variability Monte Carlo simulation

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Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 559-568 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0400-4

摘要： The aim of this paper is to study the spatial-temporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.

关键词： industrial eco-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)

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Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

Babak DIZANGIAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 123-134 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0478-2

摘要： This paper proposes a sensitivity-based border-search and jump reduction method for optimum design of spatial trusses. It is considered as a two-phase optimization approach, where at the first phase, the first local optimum is found by few analyses, after the whole searching space is limited employing an efficient random strategy, and the second phase involves finding a sequence of local optimum points using the variables sensitivity with respect to corresponding values of constraints violation. To reach the global solution at phase two, a sequence of two sensitivity-based operators of border-search operator and jump operator are introduced until convergence is occurred. Sensitivity analysis is performed using numerical finite difference method. To do structural analysis, a link between open source software of OpenSees and MATLAB was developed. Spatial truss problems were attempted for optimization in order to show the fastness and efficiency of proposed technique. Results were compared with those reported in the literature. It shows that the proposed method is competitive with the other optimization methods with a significant reduction in number of analyses carried.

关键词： optimum design sensitivity analysis reduction method spatial trusses OpenSees

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic Environmental transport Soil pollution Stormwater Detention ponds

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Spatial prediction of soil contamination based on machine learning: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1693-1

摘要：

● A review of machine learning (ML) for spatial prediction of soil contamination.

关键词： Soil contamination Machine learning Prediction Spatial distribution

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崔晓敏：“一带一路”倡议国家能源消费的空间格局驱动因素及演变趋势（2020年7月11日）

2022年05月19日

关键词：能源

Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 974-983 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0769-5

摘要： Control rod is the most important approach to control reactivity in reactors, which is currently a cluster of pins filled with boron carbide (B₄C). In this case, neutrons are captured in the outer region, and thus the inner absorber is inefficient. Moreover, the lifetime of the control rod is challenged due to the high reactivity worth loss resulted from the excessive degradation of B₄C in the high flux area. In this work, some control rod designs are proposed with optimized spatial structures including the spatially mixed rod, radially moderated rod, and composite control rod with small-sized pins. The control rod worth and effective absorption cross section of these designs are computed using the Monte Carlo code RMC. A long-time depletion calculation is conducted to evaluate their burnup stability. For the spatially mixed rod, rare-earth absorbers are combined with B₄C in spatial structure. Compared with the homogenous B₄C rod, mixed designs ensure more sufficient reactivity worth in the lifetime of the reactor. The minimum reactivity loss at the end of the cycle is only 1.8% from the dysprosium titanate rod, while the loss for pure B₄C rod is nearly 12%. For the radially moderated design, a doubled neutronic efficiency is achieved when the volume ratio of moderator equals approximately 0.3, while excessive moderating may lead to the failure of control rods. The control rod with small-sized pins processes an enhanced safety performance and saves the investment in absorbers. The rod worth can be further enhanced by introducing small moderator pins, and the reactivity loss caused by the reduction of absorbers is sustainable.

关键词： control rod optimized spatial structure neutronic performance burnup stability

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Subsurface damage pattern and formation mechanism of monocrystalline -GaO in grinding process

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0677-3

摘要： Monocrystalline beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) is a promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor material. However, the deformation mechanism in ultraprecision machining has not yet been revealed. The aim of this study is to investigate the damage pattern and formation mechanism of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃ in different grinding processes. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the subsurface damage in rough, fine, and ultrafine grinding processes. Nanocrystals and stacking faults existed in all three processes, dislocations and twins were observed in the rough and fine grinding processes, cracks were also observed in the rough grinding process, and amorphous phase were only present in the ultrafine grinding process. The subsurface damage thickness of the samples decreased with the reduction in the grit radius and the grit depth of cut. Subsurface damage models for grinding process were established on the basis of the grinding principle, revealing the mechanism of the mechanical effect of grits on the damage pattern. The formation of nanocrystals and amorphous phase was related to the grinding conditions and material characteristics. It is important to investigate the ultraprecision grinding process of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃. The results in this work are supposed to provide guidance for the damage control of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃ grinding process.

关键词： monocrystalline beta-phase gallium oxide grinding process subsurface damage nanocrystals amorphous phase

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Differences in distributions, assembly mechanisms, and putative interactions of AOB and NOB at a large spatial

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1722-0

摘要：

● Nitrifiers in WWTP were investigated at large spatial scale.

关键词： Activated sludge Spatial distributions Microbial assembly Co-occurrence patterns Nitrifying bacteria

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Application of cable-supported spatial grid in dry coal shed

XING Haidong, HAO Jiping, XU Guobin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 26-29 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0008-8

摘要： This paper presented a new structural style cable-supported spatial grid, which was applied in large span dry coal sheds. The influence of configuration of cable on the force of cable and beam, the ratio of beam force to cable force and the deflection of span was investigated, and a rational configuration of cable was obtained. The results show that the cable-supported spatial grid can maximize the use of material strength, and have the advantages of low usage of steel, large span and sufficient headroom.

关键词： dry material strength low rational configuration influence

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PyLUR: Efficient software for land use regression modeling the spatial distribution of air pollutants

Xuying Ma, Ian Longley, Jennifer Salmond, Jay Gao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1221-5

摘要： PyLUR comprises four modules for developing and applying a LUR model. It considers both conventional and novel potential predictor variables. GDAL/OGR libraries are used to do spatial analysis in the modeling and prediction. Developed on Python platform, PyLUR is rather efficient in data processing. Land use regression (LUR) models have been widely used in air pollution modeling. This regression-based approach estimates the ambient pollutant concentrations at un-sampled points of interest by considering the relationship between ambient concentrations and several predictor variables selected from the surrounding environment. Although conceptually quite simple, its successful implementation requires detailed knowledge of the area, expertise in GIS, statistics, and programming skills, which makes this modeling approach relatively inaccessible to novice users. In this contribution, we present a LUR modeling and pollution-mapping software named PyLUR. It uses GDAL/OGR libraries based on the Python platform and can build a LUR model and generate pollutant concentration maps efficiently. This self-developed software comprises four modules: a potential predictor variable generation module, a regression modeling module, a model validation module, and a prediction and mapping module. The performance of the newly developed PyLUR is compared to an existing LUR modeling software called RLUR (with similar functions implemented on R language platform) in terms of model accuracy, processing efficiency and software stability. The results show that PyLUR out-performs RLUR for modeling in the Bradford and Auckland case studies examined. Furthermore, PyLUR is much more efficient in data processing and it has a capability to handle detailed GIS input data.

关键词： LUR Air pollution modelling GIS spatial analysis GDAL/OGR Python Pollutant concentration mapping

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Animage-based approach to the reconstruction of ancient architectures by extracting and arranging 3D spatial

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok KIM,Jee-In KIM

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 12-27 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400141

摘要： The objective of this research is the rapid reconstruction of ancient buildings of historical importance using a single image. The key idea of our approach is to reduce the infinite solutions that might otherwise arise when recovering a 3D geometry from 2D photographs. The main outcome of our research shows that the proposed methodology can be used to reconstruct ancient monuments for use as proxies for digital effects in applications such as tourism, games, and entertainment, which do not require very accurate modeling. In this article, we consider the reconstruction of ancient Mughal architecture including the Taj Mahal. We propose a modeling pipeline that makes an easy reconstruction possible using a single photograph taken from a single view, without the need to create complex point clouds from multiple images or the use of laser scanners. First, an initial model is automatically reconstructed using locally fitted planar primitives along with their boundary polygons and the adjacency relation among parts of the polygons. This approach is faster and more accurate than creating a model from scratch because the initial reconstruction phase provides a set of structural information together with the adjacency relation, which makes it possible to estimate the approximate depth of the entire structural monument. Next, we use manual extrapolation and editing techniques with modeling software to assemble and adjust different 3D components of the model. Thus, this research opens up the opportunity for the present generation to experience remote sites of architectural and cultural importance through virtual worlds and real-time mobile applications. Variations of a recreated 3D monument to represent an amalgam of various cultures are targeted for future work.

关键词： Digital reconstruction 3D virtual world 3D spatial components Vision and scene understanding

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标题作者时间类型操作

Big Geodata Reveals Spatial Patterns of Built Environment Stocks Across and Within Cities in China

Zhou Huang,Yi Bao,Ruichang Mao,Han Wang,Ganmin Yin,Lin Wan,Houji Qi,Qiaoxuan Li,Hongzhao Tang,Qiance Liu,Linna Li,Bailang Yu,Qinghua Guo,Yu Liu,Huadong Guo,Gang Liu,

期刊论文

秦巴山脉区域协同发展研究

周庆华,牛俊蜻,申研

期刊论文

3S技术在区域生态功能区划中的应用——以河南省濮阳市为案例

卞有生,蔡博峰,赵楠

期刊论文

Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

期刊论文

Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV